Day 1 - Overall of CNP

5 days CCNA 200-125
3 days IPv6 CNEC
2 days ITILv3


What is Network?

OSI - Open System Interconnection - created in 1974

fundamental for networking - 7 Layers of OSI

• L7     Applications Layer     All           
• L6     Presentation Layer   People       
• L5     Session Layer           Seem 
• L4     Transport Layer        To
• L3     Network Layer         Need
• L2     Datalink Layer          Data
• L1     Physical Layer          Processing

Then there is the second part, breaking the OSI and the birth of TCP/IP Layer comes into play.

TCP/IP model
L7    Applications Layer    All       
L6     Presentation Layer  People   
L5    Session Layer           Seem

THE TOP 3 are DATA

L4    Transport Layer       To

• Transport Layer handles SEGMENTS

L3    Network Layer         Need

• Internet Layer of TCP/IP model handles PACKETS [Router operates on this Layer]

L2    Datalink Layer         Data

• Network Access Layer of TCP/IP model handles FRAMES [Switch operates on this layer]

L1     Physical Layer        Processing

• *Also Network Acces Layer of TCP/IP model, handles BITS and cables are rights here [Hubs and switches are found here]

To remember the TCP/IP Model, use these two [2] words:
Some People Feel Bad - Segments, Packets, Frames and Bits
ATIN - Application Layers, Transport Layer, Internetwork Layer, Network Access Layer.

Physical (Layer 1)

OSI Model, Layer 1 conveys the bit stream - electrical impulse, light or radio signal — through the network at the electrical and mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables, cards and physical aspects. Fast Ethernet, RS232, and ATM are protocols with physical layer components.

Layer 1 Physical examples include Ethernet, FDDI, B8ZS, V.35, V.24, RJ45.

Data Link (Layer 2)

At OSI Model, Layer 2, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization. The data link layer is divided into two sub layers: The Media Access Control (MAC) layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. The MAC sub layer controls how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it. The LLC layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking.

Layer 2 Data Link examples include PPP, FDDI, ATM, IEEE 802.5/ 802.2, IEEE 802.3/802.2, HDLC, Frame Relay.

Network (Layer 3)

Layer 3 provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical paths, known as virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node. Routing and forwarding are functions of this layer, as well as addressing, internetworking, error handling, congestion control and packet sequencing.

Layer 3 Network examples include AppleTalk DDP, IP, IPX.

Transport (Layer 4)

OSI Model, Layer 4, provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control. It ensures complete data transfer.

Layer 4 Transport examples include SPX, TCP, UDP.

Session (Layer 5)

This layer establishes, manages and terminates connections between applications. The session layer sets up, coordinates, and terminates conversations, exchanges, and dialogues between the applications at each end. It deals with session and connection coordination.

Layer 5 Session examples include NFS, NetBios names, RPC, SQL.

Presentation (Layer 6)

This layer provides independence from differences in data representation (e.g., encryption) by translating from application to network format, and vice versa. The presentation layer works to transform data into the form that the application layer can accept. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network, providing freedom from compatibility problems. It is sometimes called the syntax layer.

Layer 6 Presentation examples include encryption, ASCII, EBCDIC, TIFF, GIF, PICT, JPEG, MPEG, MIDI.

Application (Layer 7)

OSI Model, Layer 7, supports application and end-user processes. Communication partners are identified, quality of service is identified, user authentication and privacy are considered, and any constraints on data syntax are identified. Everything at this layer is application-specific. This layer provides application services for file transfers, e-mail, and other network software services. Telnet and FTP are applications that exist entirely in the application level. Tiered application architectures are part of this layer.
Layer 7 Application examples include WWW browsers, NFS, SNMP, Telnet, HTTP, FTP